How has television shaped the roles of political party organizations and leaders in nominating candidates for election?
A) Leaders are bypassed as candidates enter party conventions with established momentum.
B) Party leaders have gained increased control as they develop close ties to the media.
C) Organizations have strengthened due to divisive bipartisan sound bites.
D) Parties have weakened due to increased media expenditures.
A
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In what year was the Equal Rights Amendment ratified in the U.S.?
a) 1978 b) 1981 c) 1990 d) The Equal Rights Amendment has never been ratified.
The Supreme Court ruled in 2000 that colleges and universities may use student activity fees to support a variety of clubs and activities, even those opposed by some students, because
A) banning such clubs and activities violates the free association clause of the First Amendment. B) banning such clubs and activities defies the concept of intellectual freedom. C) banning such clubs and activities is a clear and present danger to the intellectual growth of students attending the university. D) promoting such clubs and activities, which allow for the dynamic discussion of philosophical, religious, and scientific topics, may serve the university's mission. E) promoting such clubs and activities is sound educational theory.