Which of the following statements is false?

a. When we say that Python applies certain operators from left to right, we are referring to the operators’ grouping.
b. In the following expression, the addition operators (+) group as if we paren-thesized the expression as a + (b + c):
a + b + c
c. All Python operators of the same precedence group left-to-right except for the exponentiation operator (**), which groups right-to-left.
d. You can use redundant parentheses to group subexpressions to make expres-sions clearer. For example, the second-degree polynomial
y = a * x ** 2 + b * x + c
can be parenthesized, for clarity, as
y = (a * (x ** 2)) + (b * x) + c

b. In the following expression, the addition operators (+) group as if we paren-thesized the expression as a + (b + c):
a + b + c