According to political scientists, which of the following has historically been the most successful mobilizer of Americans to vote?

The "national interest"

a. is a vague term intended to reflect the interests, desires, goals, and objectives of a state. b. is a clear objective whose definition for an individual country is rarely disputed. c. is a concept invented by V. I. Lenin that refers to the class interest of communist states. d. none of the above

Suppose a poor person cannot afford to take the time off from

work to get to a polling place on election day and therefore does not vote. This would align with which explanation of lower voter turnout in the United States? a. Cross-case b. Ideational c. Institutional d. Rational-material