Experiments showing the effects of group pressure on conformity were conducted by ______

In terms of abuse,

a. children learn to use peacefulness as a means of coping with stress. b. children may reject family violence as a norm. c. child abusers may argue that all parents hit their children. d. children are more likely to be abused by a stranger than by a family member.

In social-cognitive theory, expectancies are

a. personal predictions about the outcome of behavior. b. a defense mechanism in which one's expectancies keep one from recognizing one's true motives. c. stable patterns of behavior across time and situations. d. how other people predict one's own behavior. e. values placed on desired outcomes.