Carmen, Jill, and Alexia are trying to quit smoking. Carmen delays when she has her first cigarette each morning and tries to delay it a little longer each day

Jill is gradually reducing the total number of cigarettes she smokes each day. Alexia quits smoking for one week, then quits again, a week at a time, continuing until she quits completely. Which of the following statements best describes these procedures?
a. Carmen and Jill are each using a scheduled gradual reduction method that will most likely be successful,
while Alexia is going "cold turkey" and will probably fail.
b. Jill is using an effective step-down method, while Carmen and Alexia are using the a less successful
scheduled method and "cold turkey," respectively.
c. Carmen, Jill, and Alexia are all using different types of the scheduled gradual reduction method that have all proven to be effective.
d. Carmen, Jill, and Alexia are all using less effective methods and should switch to the more effective method
of "cold turkey."

ANSWER: c