Researchers studying the effects of caffeine tested the reaction times of women who first drank either a beverage with caffeine or a decaffeinated version of the same beverage. In this study, the reaction time of each participant would be:

Even preoperational children can pass Piagetian-like conservation or perspective taking tasks

if __________. Fill in the blanks with correct word

Zajonc and others (1969) found that cockroaches would run a simple maze faster when other cockroaches are present. This finding suggests that ________

A) the type of audience one has is less important than the fact that one has an audience B) all organisms experience some form of evaluation apprehension when others are present C) the presence of an audience may lead to cognitive load, causing actors to narrow their attention to the most important parts of a task to be performed D) divided attention is harmful to task performance because it allows individuals to over-think their actions E) the best performances will occur when an audience is present but the performers are unaware of the audience or their reactions