Which treatment has the best utility for Parkinson's disease currently?

Which of the following best summarizes the underlying philosophy of learning theory?

Unconscious, reflexive behaviors are the basis for all types of learning, and external motivators have very little influence. Parents, teachers, and peers have little influence on learning until a child reaches adolescence. Early parental relationships are extremely important in determining how a child will be able to learn in society. Behaviors are learned in a step-by-step manner and external, environmental influences are more relevant than internal conscious influences.

Richard is a member of doomsday cult that believes the world was supposed to end at the end of the Mayan calendar. He gave everything he owned to the cult leader and sat on a mountain waiting for the end

When it didn't happen, instead of feeling relieved that he was wrong, Richard dismissed the date as unimportant and said the actual date for the end of the world is five years in the future. This is most likely a response to feelings of ________ a. helplessness. b. humiliation. c. cognitive dissonance. d. receiving new information.