When inspecting an internal quality-control plot for a blood gas analyzer, you notice several data points sporadically appearing outside the 2 standard deviation (SD) range. This represents what type of analytic error?
1. Random error
2. Bias
3. Imprecision
4. Systematic error
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 2 and 4 only
c. 1, 2, and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
ANS: A
There are two categories of analytical error: (1) random and (2) systematic. Random error is ob-served when sporadic, out-of-range data points occur (see Figure 19-9, point A). Random errors are errors of precision or, more precisely, imprecision.
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