In his study of thinking, Duncker found that the first step in problem-solving that is based on understanding is to discover a set of rules that lead to the solution

All of the following are considered signs that a toddler is ready to begin toilet training EXCEPT being able to

a) thoroughly wipe/cleanse themselves after urination or defecation. b) stay dry at least 2 hours at a time during the day or wake up dry after taking a nap. c) communicate, through facial expressions or words, that urination or elimination is about to occur. d) follow simple directions.

In the working memory model, the visuospatial sketchpad controls the:

a. short-term retention and processing of visual and spatial information b. allocation of processing c. temporary storage and processing of acoustic and verbal information d. memory phoneme