Iron mining, coal mining, and coke production constitute the _____ steps in steel making

The idea that nations in a currency union will have fewer trade barriers or other frictions may have the dual effect of:

A) increased integration and more risk of debt default. B) increased political harmony and less risk of asymmetric shocks. C) economies of scale and specialization as well as higher risk of asymmetric shocks. D) economic growth and an increase in environmental degradation

A factory closes, laying off hundreds of workers, and consumer spending in the town falls. What factor is affecting demand?

a. consumer expectation b. consumer taste c. income d. substitutes