In the classic "I Love Lucy" TV show, Lucy and Ethel get jobs at a candy factory, wrapping chocolates on an assembly line. Because they perform so well, the supervisor speeds up the line so the candies come faster and faster. Eventually, Lucy and Ethel can't maintain a pace and give up, watching the candies pass them by and fall on the floor. Which of the following is demonstrated?

a) Scalloping
b) Ratio strain
c) Goal gradient effect
d) Post-reinforcement pause

Ans: b) Ratio strain

Psychology

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Which of the following is NOT an animal that has been taught to produce behavior that some think is language-like?

a) chimpanzees b) parrots c) armadillos d) dolphins

Psychology

What evidence has been cited by scientists who propose that alcoholism is related to endogenous opioid production?

a. Alcohol is an opioid derivative. b. Rats given morphine refuse alcohol. c. The symptoms of withdrawal from alcohol and heroin are similar. d. Opioid-antagonists can reduce the subjective "high" of drinking.

Psychology