Which of the following is NOT true of informal channels of communication within organizations?
a. They always follow proper organizational channels to their intended recipients.
b. They may originate with individuals not acting officially.
c. Senders of such communications often try to avoid going through formal hierarchical (or other) channels.
d. They are not “building blocks” to articulate official purposes, strategies, and tactics.
ANS: A
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Russia and Russia and _______ view construction of the Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline as illegal owing to agreements requiring the approval of all countries bordering the Caspian Sea.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Which of the following are examples of foundations within the federal government?
A. Federal Reserve Board B. NASA C. National Endowment for the Arts D. Department of Agriculture