On a fixed interval schedule, reinforcement is given for the ______
a. first correct response after a fixed amount of time has passed
b. first correct response after varying amounts of time have passed
c. next correct response after a fixed number of responses have occurred
d. next correct response after a varying number of responses have occurred
A
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Seligman's main contribution to psychology was the concept of ___________; Bandura's was the notion of ____________.
a. modeling; observational learning b. observational learning; learned helplessness c. learned helplessness; modeling d. modeling; learned helplessness
Which of the following is a common feature of infant social life in most cultures throughout history?
a. Infants spend a lot of their day in the company of their fathers. b. Infants are cared for exclusively by the mothers until they become old enough to walk. c. Infants are often kept away from older adults so that they will be less vulnerable to the spread of disease. d. Infants are surrounded by others and carried or held almost constantly.