If a researcher measures two individuals on an ordinal scale, it is impossible to determine how much difference exists between the two people

An animal trainer is teaching a miniature poodle to balance on a ball. Initially, he gives the poodle a treat for approaching the ball, then only for placing its front paws on the ball, and finally only for climbing on the ball. The trainer is using the method of

A) successive approximations. B) delayed reinforcement. C) classical conditioning. D) secondary reinforcement.

In the absence of full and accurate information, people often make decisions based on whatever information is most readily available, even though this information may not be accurate. This process of decision-making is called ______

a. compensatory modeling c. the availability heuristic b. hill-climbing d. the representativeness heuristic