European exploration was motivated by the fall of ________ in 1453 to the Ottoman Turks, who now dominated overland trade routes to the East.

The most innovative and musically important free jazz group was

a) Art Ensemble of Chicago. b) Sun Ra Arkestra. c) Woodchoppers. d) Liberation Music Orchestra.

Who was the first composer to set all of the Penitential Psalms in polyphony?

A) Heinrich Isaac B) Orlande de Lassus C) Josquin D) Palestrina