The poverty rate is the percentage of the population whose family income falls below an absolute level called the

Assume a hypothetical case where an industry begins as perfectly competitive and then becomes a monopoly. Which of the following statements regarding economic surplus in each market structure is true?

A) Under perfectly competitive conditions, economic surplus is equal to consumer surplus; there is no producer surplus because firms are price takers. Under monopoly conditions, economic surplus is equal to producer surplus. B) Under perfectly competitive conditions, economic surplus in this industry is maximized. Under monopoly conditions economic surplus is minimized. C) Under perfectly competitive conditions, economic surplus is maximized. Under monopoly conditions economic surplus is less than under perfect competition and there is a deadweight loss. D) Under perfectly competitive conditions, economic surplus in this industry equals consumer surplus plus producer surplus. Under monopoly conditions, some consumer surplus is transferred to producer surplus, but economic surplus is the same as it was under perfectly competitive conditions.

The early goldsmiths issued money in the form of

a. coins made from gold in their safes. b. receipts for the acceptance of gold deposits. c. gold fragments left over from the production of jewelry. d. fully backed gold certificates.