When we ____ a problem, unproductive strategies recede from memory

How did the researchers indicate that the behaviors were actually novel, and not simply due to the expectations of the experimenters?

A) they used a control group B) they used a variety of porpoises who emitted similar behaviors C) they made sketches of the normal behaviors D) they used judges and then assessed interobserver reliability

Odds against are based on how often a given event

a. will occur out of 100 times b. will occur out of any number of times c. will occur just once d. will not occur at all, to the number of times it will