William is interested in helping his client change his disordered behavior and is less focused on understanding the problem itself. He is most likely to be a/an

"Runner's High" occurs when prolonged, intense athletic activity causes the release of _______, in the brain's natural painkiller.

a) Adenosine b) Glutamate c) norepinephrine d) endorphins

When Kenneth was a child, he went to a dentist who treated him uncaringly and inflicted a good deal of pain. Even years later, he has an uncontrollable and intense fear not only of dentists but also physicians. This best illustrates how phobias might be the result of __________.

A. generalization in classical conditioning B. observational conditioning C. secondary gain D. the inflation effect