Interest group success is mostly based on the notoriety of their cause

To what extent are members of the party in government bound by the party platform?

a. All members of the party in government sign the platform in acknowledgement of its planks, but they are not required to follow it. b. Certain planks of the platform require an oath of loyalty from members of the party in government. c. In order to retain the party label, all members of the party in government are bound to the entirety of the platform. d. No member of the party in government must follow the platform. e. The highest ranking members of the party in government are bound by the platform, but lower members are given more leeway.

Which of the following EU Treaties is associated with the response of European countries to a multipolar world and lead to the integration project becoming ‘more than a free trade area’?

a. the Single European Act (1986) b. the Treaty on the European Union (1993) c. the Treaty of Amsterdam (1997) d. the Treaty of Nice (2001)