Training people to actively dispute there own self defeating ideas best illustrates

Why can we consider Tolman one of the early cognitive psychologists?

A. Because he used behavior to infer mental processes B. Because of his focus on measuring behavior C. Because he focused on the stimulus-response connections in the rat's mind during his maze experiment D. Because of his interest in operant conditioning

Five-year-old Jaime left his toy cars all over the living room floor, so his mother took them away. Now when he plays with toys in the living room, he is careful not to leave them out. Jaime probably learned not to leave his toys out via

a. omission training. b. avoidance training. c. punishment by application. d. negative reinforcement.