Ella knew that if she worked hard at something, she could do it, no matter how hard it was. Ellen had an incremental view of ability, or a

The Jewish Bat Mitzvah and Christian confirmation have been developed as ____

a. the initial search for marital partners b. the clear line between adolescence and adulthood c. rites of passage around puberty d. opportunities to discuss adolescent developmental tasks and challenges

Which of these findings casts doubt on the specificity theory of pain?

A) Researchers have failed to find specific skin receptors devoted to relaying pain. B) Phantom limb pain occurs in 70% of amputees. C) Injury can occur without pain, such as that experienced by the soldiers at Anzio beach. D) All of these are challenges to the validity of the specificity theory of pain.