In an experiment, the dependent variable measures the "effect."

Heuristics are relevant when we try to answer a reasoning problem because

a. we carefully assess the logic behind each reasoning problem, rather than responding quickly. b. we often answer a reasoning problem by using a heuristic that a conclusion is a "good bet," even if it is not always true. c. we are especially accurate on reasoning problems that involve "affirming the consequent." d. we are significantly more accurate if we try decision-making strategies in trying to solve reasoning problems.

A researcher is measuring the length of time different couples were engaged before getting married and their reported levels of happiness with their marriage. In order to determine whether these two variables are related, which type of study will the researcher design?

a. An experimental study b. A correlational study c. A naturalistic observation d. A case study e. Clinical observation