In contrast to iron triangles, issue networks are often ______.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding public education in America?

a. The politicization of education policy is a new experience. b. Policy shocks are an irregular occurrence for most public education policies. c. With seemingly cyclical regularity, America's education system comes under criticism every generation or so. d. The policy equilibrium of education politics is generally not upset.

The majority in the 2015 Obergefell v. Hodges case held that

A) gay marriage laws were the purview of the states. B) the court had gone too far in the United States v. Windsor case, usurping the power of state legislatures, who possessed the right to define marriage. C) the right to marry was fundamental, protected by the Fourteenth Amendment, and essential to liberty regardless of whether the couple was same-sex or opposite sex. D) the Defense of Marriage Ace (DOMA) was constitutional. E) parts of DOMA were unconstitutional.