A consumer holds money to meet spending needs. This would be an example of the:

How long is it worthwhile to continue searching for a $20 bill that you lost if you value your time at $5 an hour?

A) About 2 hours if there is a fifty percent chance of finding it. B) About 4 hours, regardless of the probability of finding it. C) Only so long as you expect to find it within the next four hours, which could mean far more than four hours of searching. D) You cannot make a rational decision without first knowing whether you will find it. E) You should not search at all because the lost bill is a sunk cost.

Economists frequently urge governments of developing countries to replace import quotas with import tariffs as a first step in a strategy that aims to reduce import protection

What is the reasoning offered by economists to support this recommendation to developing countries?