Which of the following is not a possible solution to the holdout problem?

In recent decades the United States has incurred overall balance of payments deficits

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

In the long run, a leftward shift of the aggregate demand curve will lead to a(n):

a. increase in equilibrium output but will not change the price level in an economy. b. increase in the price level as well as the equilibrium output in an economy. c. decrease in the price level but will leave the equilibrium output unchanged in an economy. d. increase in the price level but will leave the equilibrium output unchanged in an economy. e. decrease in the price level as well as the equilibrium output in an economy.