During normal spontaneous ventilation, venous return _____________ during inspiration, and _______________ during exhalation
A. increases; decreases
B. decreases: increases
C. remains constant; remains constant
D. fluctuates; fluctuates
?ANS: A
A. Correct response: During normal spontaneous ventilation, venous return increases during inspiration, and decreases during exhalation. When the pleural pressure falls during inspiration, venous return to the right ventricle increases. Conversely, with the rise in pleural pressure during exhalation, venous return to the right side of the heart decreases. In the presence of positive-pressure ventilation, pleural pressure increases during the inspiratory phase and venous return decreases. When the influence of positive pressure is removed at the end of inspiration, venous return improves during the expiratory phase.
B. Incorrect response: See explanation A.
C. Incorrect response: See explanation A.
D. Incorrect response: See explanation A.
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