Jason has a mental age of five and a chronological age of four. His IQ is

In classical conditioning, intermittent pairing reduces both the rate of learning and the final level of learning achieved

a. True b. False

All of the following processes EXCEPT ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ________ are motivated by the need to preserve or maintain self-esteem

a. changing one's attitude in the direction of one's behavior b. distancing oneself from a close other who outdoes one in a domain one cares about c. making upward social comparisons d. blaming the victim