Sarah is seven months old. Her parents spend three hours a day for five weeks straight holding Sarah up next to furniture in hopes that she will grab onto the furniture and stand by herself. Sarah hates this treatment and screams and cries, but her parents are unyielding. Finally, at the end of the fifth week, Sarah stands up by herself while holding onto the furniture. Her parents smile
triumphantly. What have they accomplished here?
a. Sarah's parents have trained Sarah to stand up by herself earlier than the average.
b. Sarah was ready to stand up by herself at about eight months of age; but her parents simply put her through a training ordeal for nothing.
c. If Sarah's parents had not trained her, Sarah would have been developmentally delayed.
d. Sarah's parents have respected her personal rate of growth by encouraging her with psychomotor training.
B
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After reducing postdecision dissonance, people are more likely to rate the chosen and unchosen alternatives as
a. being very similar, with about equal strengths and weaknesses. b. having an equal number of strengths, but the chosen alternative as having fewer weaknesses. c. being more dissimilar, such that the chosen alternative is much more desirable than the unchosen one. d. being similar in terms of weaknesses, but the chosen alternative has more strengths.
If an optic nerve of a mature frog is transected and half of the associated retina is destroyed,
A) the axons grow out from the retinal ganglion cells in the remaining half of the retina to their original targets on the optic tectum. B) the destroyed retina regenerates and then axons grow out from the complete retina and innervate the optic tectum in the species-typical fashion. C) the axons grow out from the retinal ganglion cells in the remaining half of the retina to targets systematically distributed over the entire optic tectum. D) half of the optic tectum degenerates. E) both A and D