Briefly describe the "neurotrophic" theory of mood disorders
What will be an ideal response?
The general premise of this model is that exposure to chronic early life stress (e.g., abuse, neglect, parental loss) instigates a cascade of hormonal changes (e.g., release of glucocorticoids [stress hormones]) that then decrease the levels of chemicals (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF]) necessary for neurogenesis and neuronal growth and development. Eventually, this leads to the neuronal atrophy and cell loss in brain areas critical to mood (e.g., prefrontal cortex, hippocampus), which then result in the symptoms of depression.
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Our sensory systems act as data reduction systems. This means that they
a. can change one form of energy to another. b. transmit information to the brain in the form of codes. c. select and analyze information and send only the most important data to the brain. d. are only sensitive to a small range of sensations that will require additional interpretation by the brain.
Organic intellectual disability is the term given to intellectual disability caused by
a. heredity, disease, or injury. b. lack of schooling. c. lack of intellectual stimulation. d. poor nutrition.