Even though both Pavlov and Watson believed the repeated
pairing of the conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus was the critical element in classical conditioning, Rescorla argued that _____ is the critical element in classical conditioning.
Answer: prediction OR prediction of the unconditioned stimulus
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Counterbalancing is used in experimental research to
a. make the number of participants in the experimental and control groups equal. b. prevent habituation from influencing the dependent variable. c. control for differences among participant variables. d. make statistical analysis of the data simpler. e. ensure that participants learn during the experiment.
According to the text, in industrialized nations like the U.S. the most typical age at which foods other than milk are introduced into a child's diet is:
a. 3 to 4 months of age b. 8 to 9 months of age c. about age 1 year d. about 18 months of age