Traditional learning theory has held that people drink because
a. parents model drinking behavior.
b. drinking is reinforced by stress reduction.
c. abstinence is punished through social disapproval.
d. drinking is on an intermittent reinforcement schedule.
Answer: b.
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According to the chapter Tokens Against Aggressionabout the use of a token economy in a psychiatric
hospital, why were patients given credits as soon after they engaged in the desired behavior as individual situations would allow? (a) reinforcement is more effective in influencing behavior when it occurs soon after the desired behavior (b) so the patients would not become frustrated for not being rewarded promptly (c) so that the researchers could move on to other work (d) to help patients earn credits quickly so they could get more of the items they wanted
A ______ is the smallest unit of language that carries meaning
a) phone b) phoneme c) morpheme d) word