The main ideas that define the evolutionary perspective can be traced most directly to the writings of which of the following people?

A student studied very hard in order to get a good grade. It worked. The good grade is an example of _____

a) positive reinforcement. b) punishment. c) negative reinforcement. d) partial reinforcement.

Which of the following are examples of factors that influence secondary aging?

a. smoking, exercise, and cognitive stimulation b. neurogenesis, maturation, and cell death c. white blood cells, red blood cells, and capillaries d. decreased estrogen, loss of bone density, and nearsightedness