Since elementary school, Tom has always shown a sense of entitlement, arguing with students and teachers to get his way. In high school, he became addicted to drugs and alcohol and got into criminal behavior that his parents were able to erase from his record. Which type of parenting would most likely have resulted in Tom's behavior?

Your text has a section on infant directed speech (IDS). Which of the following is the best summary?

a. IDS uses habituation to help infants with morpheme perception and morpheme segregation b. mothers tend to be better at IDS than fathers and this contributes to infants' "mommy preference" c. IDS uses emotional tone and pitch patterns and helps aid language development d. efforts to teach IDS to single mothers in low income communities have succeeded in helping children develop better categorization skills

Immediately before sleep the EEG shifts to patterns of larger and slower waves called __________ waves.

a. alpha b. beta c. delta d. spindle