Iker, a young golfer, started drinking a new brand of soft drink after he saw an advertisement of a famous golfer saying that his putting skills improved after regularly consuming the drink. Which type of reasoning fallacy did Iker commit?

A friend of yours is taking his first public speaking class and is experiencing some

nervousness. As he approaches his first speech, what might be the best advice you could give him? A) Just look over listeners' heads while you speak, to give the appearance of directness and ease your anxiety. B) Moderate anxiety can be an asset to your performance. Channel that extra adrenaline into a more dynamic presentation. C) Avoid practicing the speech. Practicing will only diminish your speech's spontaneity. D) Prepare a carefully written, detailed outline and read it to the audience to help you control your anxiety.

In his speech on the need to expand the local animal shelter, Sheldon quotes the center's director as stating, "If we do not secure funding to expand the shelter, we will be unable to take in the additional amount of animals that need shelter." Sheldon is using which type of support material?

a) an example b) testimony c) numerical data d) a definition