Regarding bystander intervention, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Higher costs, such as possible embarrassment, great effort, and especially personal risk, almost always decrease helping.
b. In one study, the presence of an extra, passive bystander doing nothing to help actually increased the likelihood of people stopping to help in a potentially dangerous situation.
c. Helping is much more likely when we are able to take the perspective of others and feel sympathy for their plight.
d. Empathic arousal is especially likely to motivate helping when the person in need seems to be different than ourselves.
ANSWER: d
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Why is the concept of reciprocal altruism fundamentally paradoxical?
a. Because altruistic behavior – true altruistic behavior – has been found by research to be nonexistent since there is no action without a desire for reward. b. Because the concept of expecting to be repaid for an altruistic action negates the altruistic characteristic of the action in the first place. c. Because it is not possible for altruistic behaviors to be bidirectional. They can only go from one person to another, and cannot be "repaid." d. Because the human animal is incapable of engaging in distinctly cooperative behavior; research suggests that egoism is the norm for all actions.
During adolescence, it is common that the role of friend takes precedence over other roles
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.