Explain the differences in the functions performed by heads of state and heads of government. Are these two important institutional figures always separate, that is, can the same person hold both roles?
What will be an ideal response?
The answer should explain that heads of state play a symbolic role, while heads of government are the head of the executive branches of their countries. Students should also acknowledge that in presidential systems the same individual is head of state and head of government.
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After being overly optimistic about the collapse of
authoritarianism, many political scientists do not believe that: a. some authoritarian regimes have had to make big changes in policies to survive. b. electoral authoritarianism is weakening as a way of maintaining authoritarian rule. c. democracy is now the only widely accepted way of claiming legitimacy. d. fundamentalist Islam is the twenty-first-century ideological equivalent of Marxism.
The term political economy refers to
a. how much a country spends on elections. b. how a country promotes ecologically sound ways to modernize the economy and raise the standard of living. c. how states and political processes affect the economy and how the economy in turn affects a country's political processes. d. the global economic system. e. the ratio of GDP compared to the percentage of voting citizens.