Explain the basic ideas of Hinduism and Confucianism
What will be an ideal response?
Hinduism teaches that all individual aspects of being belong to the same divine substance: the impersonal, all-pervading Absolute Spirit known as Brahman. The religion evolved to include a large pantheon of gods and goddesses, the result of a process of syncretism by which Hinduism accommodated a wide variety of local and regional deities, along with the ancient nature gods and mythological beings of the Vedas. These gods are perceived as individual aspects of the One; more specifically, as avatars ("incarnations") of Brahman. Of all these, three principal gods dominate: Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva. Hindus associate this "trinity" with the three main expressions of Brahmanic power: creation, preservation, and destruction. Hindu devotional practice involves visiting the shrines of the gods, and offering prayers, flowers, or food. Gazing at the image of a deity is essential: the god is present in its representation. Thus, visual contact with an image of the deity is a form of direct contact with the divine; this is known as darshan (literally, "seeing and being seen by the god").
Confucianism was more a philosophy than a religion, designed to codify proper behavior and social order. Confucian teachings encouraged social harmony and respect for the ruling monarch, whom the Chinese called the "Son of Heaven." Confucian culture held firmly to a secular ethic that emphasized proper conduct (li) and the sanctity of human life on earth. These tenets challenged neither the popular worship of Chinese nature deities, nor the ancient rites that honored the souls of the dead. Confucian ideals of order, harmony, and filial duty were often accepted alongside other religions, such as Taoism and Buddhism.
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