A heat-moisture exchanger (HME) should be avoided in which of the following circumstances? 1. Patients with excessive secretions 2. Patients with a high FiO2 3. Patients with low body temperature
a. 1 only
b. 1 and 2 only
c. 1 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: C
Use of HMEs should be avoided in the care of patients with secretion problems and those with low body temperature (<32° C), high spontaneous minute ventilation (>10 L/min), or air leaks in which exhaled tidal volume is less than 70% of delivered tidal volume.
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