_____ Most scientists agree that the initial-competence criterion is the best way to approach the question, "At what age do children understand concept X?"

Desired behavior is increased by:

a) positive reinforcement and negative punishment b) positive reinforcement only c) positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement d) negative reinforcement only

Selecting one applicant over another just because one is male and the other is female or for any reason not related to the job is unfair behavior or treatment called:

A. prejudice B. stereotyping C. discrimination D. affirmative action