In game theory, actions such as cheating that focus solely on short-run gains are referred to as

To counter parents' concerns about fast foods and childhood obesity, McDonalds considered:

A) a variety of menu items such as milk shakes and candy. B) a variety of menu items such as apple slices, fruit juices, peanut butter and jelly sandwiches, and carrot sticks. C) not changing the menu. D) all of the above.

A positive externality exists and government wants to apply a per-unit subsidy in order to bring about an efficient outcome. Under what condition will the solution (the subsidy) be worse than the problem (the market failure)?

A) Under the condition that the subsidy is greater than the marginal external benefit (associated with the positive externality). B) Under the condition that the post-subsidy output is not farther away from the efficient level of output than the pre-subsidy output is from the efficient level of output. C) Under the condition that the post-subsidy output is farther away from the efficient level of output than the pre-subsidy output is from the efficient level of output. D) Under the condition that the subsidy is less than the marginal external benefit (associated with the positive externality). E) none of the above