Discuss the occurrence of partial memories, including the concepts of the tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) state and the feeling of knowing; and explain why people experience déjà vu

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Partial memories are common. The tip-of-the-tongue state occurs when you are trying to remember something but cannot quite recall it. Maybe you know the name or the word starts with an S, but you just can't recall the information. Thus, the TOT state is the feeling that a memory is available, or stored in your memory, and yet you cannot access, that is locate or retrieve the complete memory. Closely related to the TOT state is the fact that people can often tell beforehand if they are likely to remember something. This is called the feeling of knowing. Feeling-of-knowing reactions are easy to observe on television game shows, where they occur just before contestants are allowed to answer. Déjà vu, the feeling that you have already experienced a situation that you are actually experiencing for the first time, may be another example of partial memory. If a new experience triggers vague memories of a past experience, without yielding any details at all, you might be left saying to yourself, "I feel like I've seen it before.". The new experience seems familiar even though the older memory is too weak to rise to the level of awareness.