If the Federal Reserve purchases $1,000 in bonds and the reserve requirement ratio is 0.2, what will be the total change in reserves at all banks assuming there are no excess reserves?

In the early 1800s, many state legislatures began to pass general incorporation laws, which

A) made it harder for firms to organize as corporations. B) allowed sole proprietorships and partnerships to issue stock. C) allowed firms to more easily be organized as corporations. D) granted sole proprietorships and partnerships limited personal liability.

An increase in the price level, other things remaining the same, may be expected to result in ____ the consumption function.

A. a downward shift of B. a movement along C. an upward shift in D. no effect on