Parties work to achieve coordination and reduce transaction costs, but in the end, members risk incurring conformity costs and agency losses.

How does the strict scrutiny applied by the Supreme Court differ from intermediate scrutiny?

A. Intermediate scrutiny requires a compelling and necessary reason, while strict scrutiny requires proof of a substantial relation. B. Strict scrutiny is applied only to gender classifications, while intermediate scrutiny is applied to racial and sexual orientation classifications. C. Strict scrutiny is applied to a broader array of classifications than is intermediate scrutiny. D. Strict scrutiny makes it more difficult for the government to demonstrate that there is a proper basis for a law.

James Madison believed that factions were particularly dangerous to a republic because ______.

A. they would create a split between the north and the south B. they would likely pit the haves and have-nots against each other C. they would try to eliminate the system of checks and balances in the Constitution D. they would likely create tension between minorities