Judicial review is the process for deciding whether a law or action is contrary to which of the following?

For which of the following would the Supreme Court most likely apply an intermediate scrutiny test to determine whether the policy is an unconstitutional violation of the equal protection clause?

a. preventing whites from attending schools designed to serve African American students b. having different minimum ages for men and women to marry c. prohibiting gays and lesbians from serving in the military d. requiring government contractors to have a racially diverse workforce

Why is sample bias problematic?

What will be an ideal response?