One of the most important inventions of the 20th Century which subsequently allowed for the rapid increase in types and uses of computers was the:

________ assures that a system performs its intended function in an unimpaired manner, free from deliberate or inadvertent unauthorized manipulation of the system.

A. System Integrity B. Data Integrity C. Availability D. Confidentiality

In the push function of the array implementation of the stack, recall that the element to push is passed into the function as a parameter. It is not passed by const reference because:

A. arrays are typically used for small elements, and this would prevent us from passing literal values, like push( 0 ) B. the element is expected to change within the push function C. we don’t want changes in the element to be reflected back to the calling function D. there is no danger of getting a runtime error in this situation