Which of the following, if true, would indicate that grassroots lobbying is an ineffective political tactic?
a. Policy makers primarily work to satisfy the demands of their wealthiest campaign contributors. As a result, they rarely respond to broader public opinion.
b. In congressional elections, incumbent candidates win at a much higher rate than challengers.
c. The number of interest groups with lobbyists in Washington, D.C., has increased over the past several decades.
d. The mass media tend to cover only the most dramatic and unusual news stories.
Answer: a
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A) only by increasing the between-groups mean square. B) only by increasing the within-groups mean square. C) by increasing the within-groups mean square or by decreasing the between-groups mean square. D) by increasing the between-groups mean square or by decreasing the within-groups mean square.
Which of the following is NOT a factor that limits the Majles's legislative power?
A. Its legislation cannot contravene the Constitution of Iran. B. It is a unicameral legislature that is elected by universal suffrage. C. Its policies are limited by unelected specialized bodies. D. Its laws are subject to veto by the Council of Guardians.