In the language of operant conditioning contingencies, the word "negative" refers to
a. removal of a stimulus
b. application of punishment
c. unpleasant consequences
d. decline in emitted behavior
Ans: a. removal of a stimulus.
A stimulus is removed in response to a behavior. This can be done as punishment or reward, depending on the behavior and the stimulus.
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You are working as an assistant to an OB specialist doing research to determine relationships between certain variables and cause-effect situations. The specialist is attempting to determine when people are motivated by pay or salary, and when they are motivated by recognition, support and encouragement. By examining the connection between rewards and incentives and motivation under various conditions, the specialist appears to be using which of the following approaches in research?
a. open-systems b. systematic study c. human resources approach d. observational e. scientific management
Viorst's overall message concerning losses is
a. they must be confronted and eventually fought. b. death of a loved one is the main loss with which we should be concerned. c. accept and let them go. d. seek professional help.