Someone who tends to rely on facts and pessimism is an example of what William James calls

Which of the following is most accurate in regard to the rate of affective disorders in younger and in older Americans?

a. Affective disorders are more common in older adults than they are in younger adults. b. Affective disorders are more common in younger adults than they are in older adults. c. Younger adults and older adults experience affective disorders at about the same rate. d. The rates are about the same for the two age groups except for older males, who have a very high rate of affective disorders.

Consider a construct that interests you, such as self-esteem, aggression, or intelligence. Next,

develop a 5-item scale to assess the construct. How would you ascertain the instrument's reliability and validity? When considering validity, illustrate 3 types of validity that you would evaluate and how you would design a study to assess such validity. What will be an ideal response?