If one were to pair a difficult tempered infant with a parental approach that is high in anger and frustration, one might predict which of the following outcomes?

a. a child who is defiant and disobedient
b. a child who is outgoing but shy in social situations
c. a child who is highly sociable and can self-regulate
d. a child who is high in self-confidence but low in sociability

A. Parents who respond to an infant's difficult temperament with anger and frustration are likely to find that the infant becomes a child who is defiant and disobedient, leading to further conflict and frustration for both parents and children.