To Kohlberg, whether the participants concluded that the actions of the persons in the dilemma ____ was crucial for understanding the level of people's moral development

Which of the following is the best example of the hill-climbing heuristic?

a. You try to figure out what courses you'll take next semester by obtaining an overview of the initial state; this perspective is similar to the overview from the top of a hill. b. You want to become a social worker, so at each choice point, you choose the option that appears to lead most directly toward your goal. c. You divide the problem into an orderly series of "hills," each of which must be surmounted before you move forward. d. You realize that you must sometimes move backwards (returning to a previous "hill"), in order to move forwards to a solution.

Dr. Johnson's study on the effectiveness of a new medication for anxiety demonstrated positive results. Before assuming the medication is effective, it would be best to _____

a) replicate the study. b) start with a new hypothesis. c) wait until his study is published. d) try the medicine ourselves.